ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease and often found as a comorbid in COVID-19. Poor glycemic control might play a role in worsening of clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients who lead to increase morbidity and mortality. AIM: We conducted a study to evaluate relationship between T2DM with or without macrovascular and microvascular complications and cigarette smoking habit with COVID-19 outcomes. METHOD(S): A cross-sectional study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients was conducted in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar from May 2020 to August 2020. COVID-19 status was obtained using real-time polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2, T2DM status was obtained using blood glucose or HbA1c, and other characteristic data were obtained. Mortality was the clinical outcome in our study. RESULT(S): One hundred and six subjects data were enrolled. Most subjects were male (n = 55;51.9%), and 55-65 year-old (n = 40;37.7%). Eighty subjects were survived (75.5%) and 26 subjects did not survive (24.5%). Onset of T2DM >= 5 years had a higher mortality rate compared to onset < 5 years (34.9% vs. 17.5%;p = 0.041). Other factors such as gender, age, nutritional status, hypertension, heart disease, smoking habit, and HbA1c did not show significant difference in terms of mortality. CONCLUSION(S): COVID-19 patients with onset of T2DM for more than 5 years had a worse outcome compared to the onset of T2DM <5 years.Copyright © 2023 Malik Chandra, Andi Makbul Aman, Himawan Sanusi, Husaini Umar.
ABSTRACT
Introduction Carboxyhemoglobinemia is characterised by decreased oxygen delivery to tissues. In severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness with hypoxia, this can herald a grave and protracted course of illness. Patients with COVID-19 experience respiratory impairment, lowering the pace at which carbon monoxide (CO) is eliminated and raising the likelihood of carboxyhemoglobinemia. We set out to explore early arterial carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and COVID-19 patient outcomes in non-smokers and its potential as a predictive tool for mortality. Methods Forty-five patients, non-smokers with severe/critical severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection requiring admission in a North Indian 1200-bedded tertiary care hospital, were recruited prospectively from October 2020 to March 2021. Arterial COHb% was evaluated with arterial blood gases using an analyser, which were taken at the time of admission and then every alternate day for the first 10 days. Carboxyhemoglobinemia was defined as COHb% more than 1%. The primary outcome was defined as the patient's hospital outcome (survivor/non-survivor). Results Of the total 45 subjects, 51.1% (n=23) survived. Patients developed carboxyhemoglobinemia with an incidence of 51% during the course of their hospital stay. The mean ± SD of COHb% on admission was 1.0 ± 0.58 and 1.03 ± 0.8 in non-survivors and survivors, respectively (p=0.870). Maximal individual values of 5.3% and 6.1% were seen in survivors and non-survivors, respectively. On serial COHb measurement, non-survivors had significantly higher COHb% on days 6 and 10. No co-relation of COHb% with inflammatory markers was noted. Conclusion Arterial COHb levels in non-survivors were significantly higher than in survivors on days 6 and 10. Our study did not show a prognostic value of serial COHb measurement in patients with severe COVID-19. To establish COHb as a predictive marker in severely ill COVID-19 patients, additional research is required.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate the conceptual model of successful use of financial applications that is influenced by environmental uncertainty and manager competence. Quantitative research is used to examine the conceptual model developed. Data collected was used as primary data by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The target population is 478 management accounting units in 118 state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesia. The minimum sample criteria use the rule of thumb. The sample size is 100 SOEs manager respondents who were selected by simple random sampling technique using a table of random numbers with the help of Microsoft Excel. The research data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the Lisrell 8.5 software tool. The results show that the researcher's conceptual model's suitability can be tested. The environmental uncertainty variable empirically has a negative impact on the successful implementation of financial applications. The manager's competence variable positively affects the successful implementation of financial applications. The negative direction shown as a result of environmental influences uncertainty on the successful use of financial applications can occur. An uncertain business environment can be the cause of failure to use financial applications. The improving business environment will further increase the successful use of financial applications. The results of the study have an important contribution in determining the success of using financial applications in SOEs companies in Indonesia, wherein daily practice, environmental uncertainty factors, and manager competencies have proven to be very influential on the successful use of financial applications, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic which has not entirely subsided.